Anime's Media Mix: Franchising Toys and Characters in Japan
A In' Anime's Media Mix,' Marc Steinberg convincingly shows that anime is far more than a style of Japanese animation. Beyond its immediate form of cartooning, anime is also a unique mode of cultural production and consumption that led to the phenomenon that is today called 'media mix' in Japan and 'convergence' in the West.According to Steinberg, both anime and the media mix were ignited on January 1, 1963, when 'Astro Boy' hit Japanese TV screens for the first time. Sponsored by a chocolate manufacturer with savvy marketing skills, Astro Boy quickly became a cultural icon in Japan. He was the poster boy (or, in his case, 'sticker boy') both for Meiji Seika's chocolates and for what could happen when a goggle-eyed cartoon child fell into the eager clutches of creative marketers. It was only a short step, Steinberg makes clear, from Astro Boy to Pokemon and beyond.Steinberg traces the cultural genealogy that spawned Astro Boy to the transformations of Japanese media culture that followe
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